End Notes

1 “tool, n.1a” The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. 4 Apr. 2005 .

2 “instrument, n.1a” The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. 4 Apr. 2005 .

3 http://macromedia.com/software/flash/

4 http://www.nyu.edu/its/atg/pages/projects/lasercutting/

5 http://www.me.psu.edu/lamancusa/rapidpro/

6 Gibson, Kathleen R. “General introduction: Animal minds, human minds.” Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution. Eds.Gibson, Kathleen R., and Tim Ingold. Cambridge University Press, 1995. (page 10)

7 Hamill, Pete. Tools As Art. Harry N Abrams, 1995. (page 12)

8 Gibson, page 9

9 http://www.microchip.com/

10 http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/main.html

11 “Adobe helps people and businesses communicate better through its world-leading digital imaging, design, and document technology platforms for consumers, creative professionals, and enterprises.” http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/main.html

12 “Macromedia is motivated by the belief that great experiences build great businesses. Our software empowers millions of business users, developers, and designers to create and deliver effective, compelling, and memorable experiences—on the Internet, on fixed media, on wireless, and on digital devices.” http://www.macromedia.com/macromedia/

13 http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/invrelations/adobeandmacromedia.html

14 http://www.wacom-europe.com/uk/index.asp

15 http://www.sensable.com/images/products/Large Phantom Desktop.jpg

16 http://www.corel.com/painterix/home/index.html

17 http://www.apple.com/macosx/

18 Peter, C. Litwinowicz. “Inkwell: A 2-D animation system” SIGGRAPH ‘91: Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. Ed. ACM Press New York, NY, USA, 1991. 113–122}, doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/122718.122731.

19 http://www.pixar.com/featurefilms/nemo/

20 Dean, Katie. Gesture Your Mouse Goodbye 2003 .

21 http://www.fingerworks.com/lp_product.html

22 http://www.jazzmutant.com/lemur_overview.php

23 Cameron, Julia. Artist’s Way, The PA : 10th Anniversary Edition (Inner Workbook). Tarcher, 2002.

24 Edwards, Betty. New Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain Workbook: Guided Practice in the Five Basic Skills of Drawing. Jeremy P. Tarcher, 2002.

25 Adams, James L. Conceptual Blockbusting: A Guide to Better Ideas. Perseus Books Group, 2001.